The battle of Carchemish took place in 605 BC outside the walls of the city of Carchemish. It marked the defeat of the final remnant of Assyria, and the moment when Babylon became world empire by defeating the army of Neco, pharaoh of Egypt. It also marked the end of the Hittite empire, which had originally covered much of modern Turkey and reached down towards Israel. The battle of Carchemish is mentioned in the Old Testament and by Josephus: "Concerning Egypt, about the army of Pharaoh Neco, king of Egypt, which was by the river Euphrates at Carchemish and which King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon defeated in the fourth year of King Jehoiakim son of Josiah of Judah" (Jer 46:2)
"After all this, when Josiah had set the temple in order, King Neco of Egypt went up to fight at Carchemish on the Euphrates, and Josiah went out against him". (2 Chr 35:20)
Josephus: "Now in the fourth year of the reign of Jeroiakim, one whose name was Nebuchadnezzar took the government over the Babylonians, who at the same time went up with a great army to the city Carchemish, was was at Euphrates, upon a resolution he had taken to fight with Neco, king of Egypt, under whom all Syria then was. And when Neco understood the intention of the king of Babylon, and that this expedition was made against him, he did not despise his attempt, but made haste with a great band of men to Euphrates to defend himself from Nebuchadnezzar; and when they had joined battle, he was beaten, and lost may ten thousand (of his soldiers) in the battle. So the king of Babylon passed over the Euphrates, and took all Syria, as far as Pelusium, excepting Judea." (Ant 10:6:1)
British Museum Link